Journal: Communications Chemistry

Article Title: Creating unimolecular multivalent diversity in protein conjugates via the Passerini multicomponent bioconjugation with isocyanoproteins

doi: 10.1038/s42004-025-01827-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Passerini bioconjugation for the assembly of multivalent glycoconjugates incorporating bacterial polysaccharide antigens . A Repeating unit of the pneumococcal serotype 14 (Pn14) and the meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) capsular polysaccharides (CPs). B SE-HPLC traces (TSK 5000 PW column) of the natural, fragmented and—for CPs Pn14—oxidized polysaccharides. C Schematic representation of the structures of the multivalent BSA-MenC-Pn14 glycoconjugates produced by the Passerini bioconjugation with isocyanoproteins. D Antigenicity evaluation by Dot blot assays of glycoconjugates 23, 24, 25 and 26 in comparison with isocyano-BSAs and modified CPs, using reference antibodies against BSA, S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis . Native BSA and the natural CPs antigens were used as positive controls.

Article Snippet: Next, the membrane was incubated with the primary antibodies: anti-BSA rabbit polyclonal IgG antibody (1:1000, Invitrogen Ref A11133, Lot 2206803), anti- S. pneumoniae rabbit polyclonal IgG antibody (1:1000, Bio-Rad Ref 0300-0218, Lot 155340, reactive for serotype 14) and anti- N. meningitidis rabbit polyclonal IgG antibody (1:2000, Bio-Rad Ref 6600-5906, Lot 158003, reactive for serogroup C) in a 1% skim milk solution in TBS at 37 °C for 60 min. After washing the membrane three times for 5 min with the washing solution, it was incubated with an anti-rabbit IgG antibody conjugated to HRP (1:10 000, Santa Cruz SC2357) in TBS at 37 °C for 60 min.

Techniques: Produced, Dot Blot, Comparison, Modification

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Respiratory virus-induced bacterial dysregulation in pediatric airway tissue and the dual actions of Echinacea in reducing complications

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1579551

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of Echinaforce in reducing RSV-induced S. pneumoniae adhesion in pediatric EpiAirway tissue. (A) EpiAirway tissues cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) were stained with anti- S. pneumoniae antibody (green) and DAPI for nuclei, visualized at ×20 magnification. Representative images are shown for the following conditions: (A) Vehicle Control + S. pneumoniae , (B) RSV + S. pneumoniae , (C) RSV + EF 1:200 + S. pneumoniae , and (D) RSV + EF 1:400 + S. pneumoniae . (B) Bar chart shows S. pneumoniae adhesion under different conditions: uninfected tissue (infected with S. pneumoniae but not RSV), RSV-infected, and RSV-infected tissues treated with Echinaforce ® (EF) at 1:200 and 1:400 dilutions. Data represent ALI-cultured EpiAirway tissues, with statistical significance indicated (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01) ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: After permeabilization with 0.3% Triton X-100 and blocking with 3% BSA in PBST, sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with the primary antibodies: anti- S. pneumoniae (10 μg/mL, NB100-64570, Novus Biologicals) and anti-Hib (10 μg/mL, orb157421, Biorbyt).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Staining, Control, Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Respiratory virus-induced bacterial dysregulation in pediatric airway tissue and the dual actions of Echinacea in reducing complications

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1579551

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blocking ICAM-1 and PAFr reduces S. pneumoniae adhesion to virus-infected NHBE cells. Anti-ICAM-1 and anti-PAFr antibodies significantly reduced S. pneumoniae adhesion in (A) RSV- and (B) HPIV3-infected NHBE cells, rather than with PV14 infection (C) . Results are expressed as mean values ±SD from three independent experiments Statistical significance: p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.0001 (****), “ns” indicates no significance.

Article Snippet: After permeabilization with 0.3% Triton X-100 and blocking with 3% BSA in PBST, sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with the primary antibodies: anti- S. pneumoniae (10 μg/mL, NB100-64570, Novus Biologicals) and anti-Hib (10 μg/mL, orb157421, Biorbyt).

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Virus, Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Respiratory virus-induced bacterial dysregulation in pediatric airway tissue and the dual actions of Echinacea in reducing complications

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1579551

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of Echinaforce in reducing RSV-induced S. pneumoniae adhesion in pediatric EpiAirway tissue. (A) EpiAirway tissues cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) were stained with anti- S. pneumoniae antibody (green) and DAPI for nuclei, visualized at ×20 magnification. Representative images are shown for the following conditions: (A) Vehicle Control + S. pneumoniae , (B) RSV + S. pneumoniae , (C) RSV + EF 1:200 + S. pneumoniae , and (D) RSV + EF 1:400 + S. pneumoniae . (B) Bar chart shows S. pneumoniae adhesion under different conditions: uninfected tissue (infected with S. pneumoniae but not RSV), RSV-infected, and RSV-infected tissues treated with Echinaforce ® (EF) at 1:200 and 1:400 dilutions. Data represent ALI-cultured EpiAirway tissues, with statistical significance indicated (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01) ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: After 2 h at 37°C, unbound bacteria were removed by five DPBS washes, and the tissues were fixed with 10% formalin for 45 min. Adherent bacteria were quantified using specific primary antibodies: NB100-64570 for S. pneumoniae (Novus Biologicals, United States) and orb157421 for Hib (Biorbyt, United States).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Staining, Control, Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Respiratory virus-induced bacterial dysregulation in pediatric airway tissue and the dual actions of Echinacea in reducing complications

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1579551

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blocking ICAM-1 and PAFr reduces S. pneumoniae adhesion to virus-infected NHBE cells. Anti-ICAM-1 and anti-PAFr antibodies significantly reduced S. pneumoniae adhesion in (A) RSV- and (B) HPIV3-infected NHBE cells, rather than with PV14 infection (C) . Results are expressed as mean values ±SD from three independent experiments Statistical significance: p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.0001 (****), “ns” indicates no significance.

Article Snippet: After 2 h at 37°C, unbound bacteria were removed by five DPBS washes, and the tissues were fixed with 10% formalin for 45 min. Adherent bacteria were quantified using specific primary antibodies: NB100-64570 for S. pneumoniae (Novus Biologicals, United States) and orb157421 for Hib (Biorbyt, United States).

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Virus, Infection